But he remained a prominent national figure who - although criticised as autocratic and elitist, and blamed by some for his initial endorsement of the Khmer Rouge - symbolised constancy through Cambodia's years of violence.
At the time Cambodia was a French protectorate, and Sihanouk wielded little power. The former king died at a hospital in the Chinese capital, Beijing, after having a heart attack.
"His death was a great loss to Cambodia," said his assistant and relative Prince Sisowath Thomico.
The king, forced into exile in China, led the resistance movement, while the Khmer Rouge gradually gained strength.When the group, led by Pol Pot, won control of Cambodia in 1975, Sihanouk returned as head of state. Sihanouk, the former king, died of natural causes at age 89 on Monday.
He attempted to steer a neutral course for Cambodia in its civil and foreign wars of the late 20th century. He was king, then prince, then king again of Cambodia… Sihanouk, the former king, died of natural causes at age 89 on Monday. When a US-backed coup installed Lon Nol as Cambodia's leader, Sihanouk - by then alienated by US bombing raids on Vietnamese communist guerrillas inside Cambodia - was forced into exile in Beijing. Obituary: Norodom Sihanouk, former king of Cambodia
A convoy took the king's body back to Cambodia from Beijing, where he died on Monday at 89. History at your fingertips No monarch in modern times has embodied the life and fate of his country so completely as Norodom Sihanouk, who has died aged 89. In 2004, he announced he would step down in favour of one of his sons, the little-known Norodom Sihamoni.
But by the following year, he was placed under house arrest. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.
After that, Sihanouk spent much of his time overseas, in Beijing and Pyongyang.
…a government-in-exile was established with Sihanouk as president and Son Sann as prime minister. His role was increasingly one of broker between Cambodia's warring political factions.
And in a country that has lost so much, he was always there, embodying the hope of a better Cambodia, freed from the turmoil of its recent history.Born in 1922, Sihanouk was the eldest son of King Norodom Suramarit and Queen Kossamak.Educated at French schools in Saigon and in Paris, the Nazi-controlled Vichy government in France crowned Sihanouk king of Cambodia in 1941, bypassing his father in the hope that the 18-year-old could easily be manipulated.However, after the war Sihanouk embarked on an international campaign aimed at ensuring independence for Cambodia.It was achieved without bloodshed in 1953 - after nearly a century of French rule. Cambodian people pray in front of the Royal Palace on Wednesday.Cambodian Buddhist monks sit with mourners waiting for a convoy transporting the late former king's coffin at the Independence Monument in Phnom Penh which commemorates the end of French rule over Cambodia in 1954.A young woman holds flowers as she waits for the convoy bearing the body of King Sihanouk to drive past in front of the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on Wednesday.A Cambodian girl prays for the late former king in front of the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on Wednesday.A Cambodian Buddhist monk stands on a balcony as people pay respects in front of the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on Tuesday, October 16.Cambodian people watch as workers install a portrait of Sihanouk in front of the Royal Palace on Tuesday.A Cambodian man makes a traditional gesture on Tuesday after he prayed over the death in the Tonle Sap River in Phnom Penh.A man places an incense stick outside the Royal Palace to honor the former king on Tuesday.Cambodian nuns and other people gather in front of the palace on Monday, October 15.A photo from January 19, 2012, shows the former King Sihanouk bidding farewell to government officials as he boards a plane for Beijing at Phnom Penh International Airport. The "royal government" will bring the late king's body back to his homeland for a traditional funeral, according to Cambodia's official AKP news agency.
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